1. What can you conclude from the following argument? "Some American presidents were not elected and a popular mandate comes only from election."

You can conclude nothing, because all American presidents have been elected.

You can conclude that "Some American presidents had no popular mandate."

You can conclude nothing, because the argument is invalid.

You can conclude that "Some American presidents have had a popular mandate."

2. "None but the brave deserves the fair." Which of the following makes a valid argument with that premise?

Akira is brave. Therefore, he is deserves the fair.

Akira is not brave. Therefore, he is not fair.

Akira deserves the fair. Therefore, he is brave.

Akira does not deserve the fair. Therefore, he is not brave.

3. "All good jobs offer benefits and a chance for advancement, but many good jobs are impossible to obtain." Which of the following is a valid conclusion for that argument?

Some jobs don't offer any benefits.

Some benefits are possible to obtain.

Not all benefits are impossible to obtain.

Some chances for advancement are impossible to obtain.

4. "Everyone who was at the ceremony came to the reception, except some of Arlo's friends." Which of the following sets of claims, one premise and one conclusion, makes a valid argument with that statement?

Some of Arlo's friends were well-dressed. Therefore, some of those who did not come to the reception were well-dressed.

None of Arlo's friends were well-dressed. Therefore, some of those who did come to the reception were well-dressed.

All of Arlo's friends were well-dressed. Therefore, some of those who did not come to the reception were well-dressed.

Almost all of Arlo's friends were well-dressed. Therefore, some of those who did not come to the reception were well-dressed.

5. "Only bills that pass both the House and Senate become laws." Based on that claim, which of the following reaches a valid conclusion?

Some of these have passed the House. Therefore, some of these have become laws.

Some of these have passed the House. Therefore, some of these have not become laws.

Some of these have not passed the House. Therefore, some of these have not become laws.

Some of these have not become laws. Therefore, some of these have not passed the House.

6. Which of the following makes this a valid argument? "All teachers are educated, so some educated people are funny because. . . ."

some teachers are funny.

some funny people are teachers.

some funny educators are people.

not all teachers are funny.

7. Which of the following pairs of premises creates a valid syllogism with the conclusion, "Some stocks are not good investments"?

All stocks are risky, but some good investments are not risky.

Not all stocks are secure, but all good investments are secure.

Some stocks are risky, and all good investments are risky.

Some stocks are risky, and some risky investments are not good.

8. "Water is scarce in California, so we won't be taking a trip this summer." With which of the following conditional chains would those two claims make a valid argumnt?

If water is scarce in California, then there are no good deals on vacations. And if there are no good deals on vacations, we can't afford one. And if we can't afford it, we won't be taking a trip this summer.

If water is scarce in California, then there are no good deals on vacations. And there are no good deals on vacations if we can't afford one. And if we can't afford it, we won't be taking a trip this summer.

If water is scarce in California, then there are no good deals on vacations. And if there are no good deals on vacations, we can't afford one. And we can't afford it if we won't be taking a trip this summer.

There are no good deals on vacations only if water is scarce in California. And if there are no good deals on vacations, we can't afford one. And if we can't afford it, we won't be taking a trip this summer.

9. The rule is, "You can graduate only if you have earned 120 or more credits, but you can apply for graduation if you have earned 90 or more credits." Which of the following is true for Pierre, who has earned 70 credits?

Pierre cannot graduate, and he cannot apply for graduation.

Pierre may be able to graduate, and he may be able to apply for graduation

Pierre may be able to graduate, but he cannot apply for graduation.

Pierre cannot graduate, but he may be apply to apply for graduation.

10. "San Jose State is a good choice for a university if you want to be a computer engineer, but only if you are willing to study hard." Which of these following creates a valid argument based on these premises?

You are willing to study hard, so you must want to be a computer engineer.

San Jose State is a good choice for a university, so you must want to be a computer engineer.

You aren't willing to study hard, so you must not want to be a computer engineer.

You don't want to be a computer engineer, so San Jose State isn't a good choice for a university.

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