The Filipino Struggle
Before Feb 25, 1986

In addition to The Philippines Reader: A History of Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Dictatorship, and Resistance,edited by Daniel B. Schirmer and Shephen Rosskamm Shalom (1987, Boston, MA: South End Press), we urge you to refer to the following sources:

Oscar V. Campomanes. 1995. "The New Empire's Forgetful and Forgotten Citizens: Unrepresentability and Unassimilability in Filipino-American Postcolonialities." Critical Mass 2(2).

Luis H. Francia (ed.). 1993. Brown River, White Ocean: An Anthology of Twentieth-Century Philippine Literature in English. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Amado Guerrero. 1971. Philippine Society and Revolution. Hong Kong: Ta Kung Pao.

E. San Juan Jr. 1986. The Crisis in the Philippines: The Making of the Revolution. South Hadley, MA: Bergin and Garvey.

Angel Velasco Shaw and Luis H. Francia (eds). 2002. Vestiges of War: The Philippine-American War and the Aftermath of an Imperial Dream, 1899-1999. New York: New York University Press.



Detailed Contents of The Philippines Reader (1987)

General Introduction

Ch. 1: Conquest
Introduction
1.1 - The Philippine-American War, Luzviminda Francisco
1.2 - To the Philippine People, President Emilio Aguinaldo
1.3 - Interview with President McKinley, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
1.4 - Remarks to Methodist Delegation, President William McKinley
1.5 - Our Philippine Policy, Senator Alfred J. Beveridge
1.6 - Letter to Boston Evening Transcript, William James
1.7 - Platform, American Anti-Imperialist League, 1899
1.8 - Anti-Imperialist Resolutions, Black Citizens of Boston
1.9 - Remember Pekin! Leaflet of the Republican Club of Massachusetts



Ch. 2: Colonization
Introduction
2.1 - The Conception and Gestation of a Neocolony, Daniel B. Schirmer
2:2 - The Miseducation of the Filipino, Renato Constantino
2.3 - Taft's Terms of Probation, El Renacimiento
2.4 - Interview with Manuel Quezon, General Frank McIntyre
2.5 - Free America, Free Cuba, Free Philippines, George S. Boutwell
2.6 - The Independence Lobby, Shirley Jenkins
2.7 - Anti-Filipino Race Riots, Emory S. Bogardus
2.8 - Struggles of the 1930s, Luis Taruc


Ch. 3: War, Collaboration, and Resistance
Introduction
3.1 - The Hukbalahaps, U.S. Department of State
3.2 ­ Philippine Collaboration in World War II, David Joel Steinberg


Ch. 4: Independence with Strings
Introduction
4.1 - Summary, Bell Trade Act
4.2 - Roxas Violates the Constitution, Ramon Diokno
4.3 - Parity Provisions, Laurel-Langley Agreement
4.4 - Military Bases Agreement, March 14, 1947
4.5 - Military Assistance Agreement, March 21, 1947



Ch. 5: Suppression of the Huks
Introduction
5.1 - U.S. Policy on the Philippines, National Security Council
5.2 - Counter-Insurgency in the Philippines, Stephen R. Shalom


Ch. 6: The Philippine Republic to 1972: Elite Democracy and Neocolonialism
Introduction
6.1 - The Philippine Political System, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
6.2 - Inequality in Development, International Labour Office
6.3 - Status of Philippine Women, Linda K. Richter
6.4 - Uses of the U.S. Military Bases in the Philippines
6.5 - U.S. Investment in the Philippines, Corporate Information Center
6.6 - U.S. Commitments to the Philippines, Symington Committee Hearings
6.7 - The CIA in the Philippines, James Burkholder Smith
6.8 - Against U.S. Military Bases, Claro M. Recto
6.9 - The Folklore of Colonialism, Lorenzo M. Tañada
6.10 - The Growing Protest Movement, Philip Shabecoff



Ch. 7: Martial Law
Introduction
7.1 - Martial Law, Staff Report for the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee
7.2 - “Some Are Smarter Than Others,” Anonymous
7.3 - Tables on Living Conditions under Martial Law
7.4 - Agrarian Reform in the Philippines, Rand Corporation
7.5 - Tourism Promotion and Prostitution, A Lin Neumann
7.6 - 1975, Mission to the Philippines, Amnesty International
7.7 - The Rigged Referendum of 1973, Primitivo Mijares
7.8 - The Muslim Insurgency, Lela Noble
7.9 - National Minorities, Sally Swenson
7.10 - Specific Characteristics of People's War in the Philippines, Amado Guerrero
7.11 - 10 Point Program, National Democratic Front
7.12 - Church Opposition to Martial Law, Robert L. Youngblood
7.13 - On With the Circus, Civil Liberties Union of the Philippines
7.14 - 1981 Mission to the Philippines, Amnesty International


Ch. 8: “The U.S.-Marcos Dictatorship”
Introduction
8.1 - New York Times Advertisement, Philippine Government
8.2 - Telegram to President Marcos, American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines
8.3 - Foreign Investment in the Philippines, Charles W. Lindsey
8.4 - Philippine Women and Transnational Corporations, Sr. Mary Soledad Perpiñsan, RGS
8.5 - Philippine Military Bases and the Middle East, Admiral Robert L. J. Long
8.6 - The Amended Military Bases Agreement, Malaya
8.7 - The Logistics of Repression, Walden Bello and Severina Rivera
8.8 - Aid to the Philippines: Who Benefits? Jim Morrell
8.9 - The International Monetary Fund in the Philippines, Walden Bello and Robin Broad
8.10 - Activities in the U.S., Campaign Against Military Intervention in the Philippines
8.11 - Reagan's Advice, Steve Psinakis



Ch. 9: The Gathering Storm
Introduction
9.1 - Majority Report, Agtava Commission
9.2 - Post-Assassination Economic Crisis, Gerald Sussman, David O'Connor, and Charles W. Lindsey
9.3 - Growth of the Labor Movement, Karin Aguilar-San Juan
9.4 - Hunger in the Countryside, Kathy McAfee
9.5 - Declaration, 1983 Conference on Peace and Removal of Foreign Bases
9.6 - The Convenors’ Statement
9.7 - “A Woman's Place is in the Struggle,” Brenda J. Stoltzfus
9.8 - The Military Reform Movement, Marites Dangiilan-Vitug
9.9 - The Growth of the New People's Army, U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee
9.10 - Increasing Terror, St. Mariani C. Dimaranan, CPIC
9.11 - U.S. Policy Towards Marcos, National Security Study Directive
9.12 - Special Operations Forces Activities, in the Philippines, U.S. Air Force
9.13 - The Difficulties of Military Reform, Senator John Kerry
9.14 - The Special National Intelligence Estimate, Nayan Chanda



Ch. 10: Marcos's Final Crisis
Introduction
10.1 - Program of Social Reform, Corazon Aquino
10.2 - Call for Boycott, BAYAN
10.3 - Support for Aquino, KAAKBAY
10.4 - Statement on the Philippine Elections, President Ronald Reagan
10.5 - Post Election Statement, Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines
10.6 - Interview with Captain Rex Robles, Alan Berlow
10.7 - The Confrontation of February 23, John Burgess



Ch. 11: The Future
Introduction
11.1 - Proclamation Number 2, President Corazon Aquino
11.2 - The Philippine Armed Forces, James B. Goodno
11.3 - Ongpin's Vision, Paul A. Gigot
11.4 - Position on Job Creation, KMU
11.5 - Program for Genuine Land Reform, Union of Philippine Peasants
11.6 - Self-Criticism, Ang Bayan
11.7 - A Philippine Vision of Socialism, BISIG
11.8 - U.S. Bases Post-Marcos, Gaston J. Sigur, Jr.
11.9 - The Communist Threat to Reviving Democracy in the Philippines, Richard D. Fisher, Jr.
11.10 - Letting Go, B. David Williams