Fri, 07 Dec 2007 14:05:16 -0800 Peter Beyersdorf http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ Podcast Maker v1.3.6 - http://www.lemonzdream.com/podcastmaker This course podcast introduces the physical principles of electro-optics including modulators (electro- and acousto-optic), non-linear optics, semiconductor lasers, optical detection and integrated optics with applications. Class material from Physics 208 "Electrooptics" at San Jose State for Fall 2007. This podcast will mostly contain lecture notes and archived lectures. en Peter Beyersdorf 2007 Peter Beyersdorf peter.beyersdorf@sjsu.edu http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/normal%20shells_144.jpg http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ 112 144 Higher Education Natural Sciences photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics no Peter Beyersdorf A discussion of applications of integrated optics including the theory of waveguide modulators and directional couplers Integrated Optics Announcements Dielectric Waveguides Wave Equation in a Waveguide Solutions in the Substrate Solutions in the Core Orthogonality of Modes Slab Waveguide Example Slab Waveguide Example Guided Modes TE Modes TE Modes TE Modes TE Modes TM Modes Cutoff Frequencies Mode Structure Integrated EOM devices Dielectric Tensor Perturbation Mode Coupling Mode Coupling Equations Overlap Integral Phase Matched Coupling Phase Mismatched Coupling Directional Couplers Waveguide Coupling Coupled Modes Differential Equations Alternative Form Directional Coupler Solutions Practical Applications Class Summary Class Summary What’s next? References http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/12-6%20Integrated%20Optics.m4a Thu, 06 Dec 2007 20:17:42 -0800 Podcasting no 01:14:54 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf An introduction to guided modes and waveguides Integrated Optics Announcements Dielectric Waveguides Wave Equation in a Waveguide Solutions in the Substrate Solutions in the Core Orthogonality of Modes Slab Waveguide Example Slab Waveguide Example Guided Modes TE Modes TE Modes TE Modes TE Modes TM Modes Cutoff Frequencies Mode Structure Integrated EOM devices Dielectric Tensor Perturbation Mode Coupling Mode Coupling Equations Overlap Integral Phase Matched Coupling Phase Mismatched Coupling Directional Couplers Waveguide Coupling Coupled Modes Differential Equations Alternative Form Directional Coupler Solutions Practical Applications References http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/12-4%20Integrated%20Optics.m4a Tue, 04 Dec 2007 20:19:56 -0800 Podcasting no 01:14:56 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Corrections to the lecture notes from chapter 12 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/corrections%20from%20chapter%2012%20notes.pdf Tue, 04 Dec 2007 11:37:07 -0800 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Lecture notes corresponding to chapter 11 in the textbook. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%2011-Integrated%20Optics.pdf Mon, 03 Dec 2007 19:25:55 -0800 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf The attached program contains the schedule and abstract for all 12 talks to be given in class. A hardcopy will be available in class as well. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/Abstracts.pdf Mon, 26 Nov 2007 15:26:52 -0800 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We discuss phase matching and quasi-phase matching for second harmonic generation Document http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/11-20%20References.m4a Tue, 20 Nov 2007 20:20:45 -0800 Podcasting no 01:13:27 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Non-Linear Optics http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/11-15%20Non-Linear%20Optics.m4a Thu, 15 Nov 2007 20:21:20 -0800 Podcasting no 01:14:55 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Lecture notes corresponding to chapter 12 in the textbook. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%2012-Non-Linear%20Optics.pdf Thu, 15 Nov 2007 14:22:55 -0800 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We finish chapter 9 discussing Raman-Nath diffraction before discussing characteristics of acousto-optic modulators Acoustooptic Devices http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/11-13%20Acoustooptic%20Devices.m4a Tue, 13 Nov 2007 20:21:45 -0800 Podcasting no 01:14:55 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Lecture notes corresponding to chapter 10 in the textbook Lecture notes corresponding to chapter 10 in the textbook http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%2010-Acoustooptic%20Devices.pdf Tue, 13 Nov 2007 12:45:45 -0800 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Corrections to the lecture notes from chapter 9 Corrections to the lecture notes from chapter 9 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/corrections%20from%20chapter%209%20notes.pdf Tue, 13 Nov 2007 09:33:23 -0800 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We look at the coupling between incident and diffracted beams in acousto-optic interactions Acousto-Optic Effect http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/11-8%20Acousto-Optic%20Effect.m4a Thu, 08 Nov 2007 20:29:12 -0800 Podcasting no 01:10:55 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We introduce the photoelastic effect and the resulting diffraction of light from acoustic waves that forms the basis for the acoustooptic effect Acousto-Optic Effect http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/11-6%20Acousto-Optic%20Effect.m4a Tue, 06 Nov 2007 21:08:17 -0800 Podcasting no 01:14:45 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We discuss cavity locking and the role of EOMs in control of the LIGO interferometer cavities Electrooptic Modulators for Cavity Locking http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/11-1%20Electrooptic%20Modulators%20for%20Cavity%20Locking.m4a Thu, 01 Nov 2007 20:24:53 -0700 Podcasting no 01:11:13 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 9 of the textbook Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 9 of the textbook http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%209-Acoustooptic%20Effect.pdf Thu, 01 Nov 2007 15:11:06 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Corrections to the lecture notes from chapter 8 Corrections to the lecture notes from chapter 8 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/corrections%20from%20chapter%208%20notes.pdf Thu, 01 Nov 2007 14:55:53 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We discuss limitations on electrooptic modulator performance We discuss limitations on electrooptic modulator performance http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-30%20Electrooptic%20Modulator%20Design.m4a Tue, 30 Oct 2007 20:16:17 -0700 Podcasting no 01:09:38 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Corrections to the lecture notes for chapter 6 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/corrections%20from%20chapter%206%20notes.pdf Thu, 25 Oct 2007 21:24:18 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf A case study of the modulators used and their function in generating sidebands for the LIGO interferometer A case study of the modulators used and their function in generating sidebands for the LIGO interferometer http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/Sideband%20generation%20in%20LIGO.pdf Thu, 25 Oct 2007 21:23:01 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Corrections to the lecture notes for chapter 7 Corrections to the lecture notes for chapter 7 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/corrections%20from%20chapter%207%20notes.pdf Thu, 25 Oct 2007 21:20:37 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Properties of amplitude and phase modulators utilizing the electrooptic effect are discussed. Electro-optic Devices http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-25%20Electrooptic%20Devices.m4a Thu, 25 Oct 2007 21:10:31 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:59 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 8 in the textbook. Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 8 in the textbook. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%208-Electrooptic%20devices.pdf Thu, 25 Oct 2007 14:19:21 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Carrier and sideband field representation of modulation carrier and sideband fields are used to represent amplitude and phase modulation, We use the Jacoby-Anger identity for besel function to expand modulation in terms of Bessel function representing the carrier and sidebands http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-23%20Modulation.m4a Tue, 23 Oct 2007 20:40:03 -0700 Podcasting no 01:16:08 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We discuss how the polarization state of light can be described by Jones Vectors and operated on by Jones matrices We discuss how the polarization state of light can be described by Jones Vectors and operated on by Jones matrices http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-18%20Polarization%20and%20Jones%20Calculus.m4a Thu, 18 Oct 2007 21:37:05 -0700 Podcasting no 01:15:11 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We discuss the change in index ellipsoid of a crystal exposed to an external electric field In a centro-symmetric crystal, inversion around the point of symmetry should reproduce the original crystal lattice, giving rijk=r’ijk where rijk is the electrooptic coefficient in the original crystal and r’ijk is that in the inverted crystal. Because linear electrooptic coefficient is related to the linear displacement of charges in the crystal, an inversion of the crystal lattice should invert the electrooptic coefficient rijk=- r’ijk These two requirements dictate that rijk=0 in any centro- symmetric crystal Crystal Point Groups All crystals can be categorized into one of 32 “point groups” defined by seven symmetry properties including translational, rotational, inversion and mirror symmetries. See for example http://www.phys.ncl.ac.uk/staff/ http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-16%20The%20Electro%20Optic%20Effect.m4a Tue, 16 Oct 2007 21:03:28 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:53 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf After going over the practice midterm we introduce contracted notation for tensors Contracted notation, linear, quadratic electrooptic effect, kerr, pockels rijk sijkl impermeability, permitivity, crystals http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-9%20Electrooptics.m4a Tue, 09 Oct 2007 20:36:10 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:31 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We discuss the optimization of dielectric coatings in LIGO with attention paid to genetic algoriithms to design non-periodic coatings. Optical Coatings in LIGO Stack of alternating _/4 layers of high index Ta2O5 and low index SiO2 Materials chosen for low loss and high dielectric contrast (nh-nl) _/4 thickness maximizes reflectivity for a given number of layers Mirror Requirements for LIGO Mirror reflectivity determines finesse of arm cavities and should be kept as high as possible to maximize interferometer response Brownian thermal noise of the mirror coating limits noise floor from 30 Hz-300 Hz Conventional mirror coating design optimizes reflectivity for a given number of layers, but what is needed is optimal thermal noise for a given reflectivity sn. Conventional dielectric mirror coatings HR mirror coatings have _/2 periodicity normally _/4, high and low index layers Alternating 3_/8, _/8 layers also possible First and last layers are often different to match other requirements sn. How to design non periodic coatings Genetic Algorithm [J.H. Holland (1975) successfully applied to many constrained design problems] Example of one (conservative) optimization: Minimizing transmittance (<20 ppm); Minimizing Ta2O5 thickness (<2 _m). Alternatives: Regular non-periodic coatings (e.g. pre-fractal) ? sn. Genetic Synthesis Multi-objective optimization: find Mimic natural selection, by way of analogy One gene assigned to each layer thickness and its composition Marriages, mutations are allowed Best partner given first choice of preferred partner (requirement taste) Darwinian selection based on requirements applied every generation http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-4%20Optical%20Coatings%20in%20LIGO.m4a Thu, 04 Oct 2007 20:47:23 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:51 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 7 in the textbook. Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 7 in the textbook. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%207-electrooptics.pdf Thu, 04 Oct 2007 18:00:42 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We finish up discussion of propagation in periodic structures and look at the reflectivity of these structures in air 6. Document info Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Ch 6, Document info Reflectivity of Periodic Structures Chapter 6 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf Class Outline Comments on homework Difference between optical activity and birefringence Methods to solve coupled differential equations Reflectivity from a periodic structure Case Study: HR coatings in LIGO Optical Activity vs. Birefringece 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 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/10-2%20Reflectivity%20of%20Periodic%20Structures.m4a Tue, 02 Oct 2007 20:19:10 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:45 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Issues related to the dielectric coatings used in LIGO are discussed and a genetic algorithm to improve the coating performance is introduced. Issues related to the dielectric coatings used in LIGO are discussed and a genetic algorithm to improve the coating performance is introduced. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/Coatings%20in%20LIGO.pdf Tue, 02 Oct 2007 14:35:33 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf This is an example midterm that is similar in length and style to the actual midterm. This is an example midterm that is similar in length and style to the actual midterm. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/Practice%20Midterm%201.pdf Thu, 27 Sep 2007 21:37:00 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We discuss bandgaps in periodic structures We discuss bandgaps in periodic structures http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-27%20Bloch%20Waves%20and%20Bandgaps.m4a Thu, 27 Sep 2007 21:14:20 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:49 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We introduce Bloch waves as solutions to Maxwell's equations in periodic media There are various classes of boundary conditions for which solutions to the wave equation are not plane waves Planar conductor results in standing waves Waveguide and cavities results in modal structure Periodic materials result in Bloch waves http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-25%20Propagation%20in%20Periodic%20Media.m4a Tue, 25 Sep 2007 21:00:51 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:39 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 6 in the textbook. Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 6 in the textbook. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%206-Propagation%20in%20periodic%20media.pdf Wed, 19 Sep 2007 15:11:06 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Corrections to the lecture notes for chapter 4 Corrections to the lecture notes for chapter 4 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/corrections%20from%20chapter%204%20notes.pdf Wed, 19 Sep 2007 15:10:32 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf The design of the Advanced LIGO faraday isolator is presented in this direct-to-podcast lecture Terbium TGG isolator faraday verdet http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-20%20Faraday%20Isolators%20in%20LIGO.m4a Wed, 19 Sep 2007 14:53:15 -0700 Podcasting no 00:21:17 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We use coupled mode analysis to determine the behavior of light propagating through a perturbed material and compare the solution to the normal mode solution. Document info Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Coupled Mode Analysis Chapter 4 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf start on page 42 EM wave propagation in anisotropic media Chapter 4 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf Class Outline The dielectric tensor Plane wave propagation in anisotropic media The index ellipsoid Phase velocity, group velocity and energy Crystal types Propagation in uniaxial crystals Propagation in biaxial crystals Optical activity and Faraday rotation Coupled mode analysis of wave propagation http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-18%20Coupled%20Mode%20Analysis.m4a Tue, 18 Sep 2007 21:07:24 -0700 Podcasting no 01:11:43 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Case study of the Faraday Rotator design in LIGO Case study of the Faraday Rotator design in LIGO. Considerations of thermal loading in the TGG crystal drive a unique design. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/Faraday%20Rotators%20in%20LIGO.pdf Thu, 13 Sep 2007 21:53:04 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We investigate the wave equation in anisotropic media and find the constraints it puts on the k-vector, which is graphically represented by “normal shells” Document info Eigenmodes and Coupled Mode Analysis Chapter 4 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf start on page 29 EM wave propagation in anisotropic media Chapter 4 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf Class Outline The dielectric tensor Plane wave propagation in anisotropic media The index ellipsoid Phase velocity, group velocity and energy Crystal types Propagation in uniaxial crystals Propagation in biaxial crystals Optical activity and Faraday rotation Coupled mode analysis of wave propagation The Dielectric Tensor &#x3B5; relates the electric field to the electric displacement by In anisotropic materials the polarization may not be in the same direction as the driving electric field. Why? coupled mode analysis index ellipsoid conical refraction, double refraction, calcite, mica http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-13%20Eigenmodes%20for%20Optical%20Activity.m4a Thu, 13 Sep 2007 21:22:43 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:49 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We investigate the wave equation in anisotropic media and find the constraints it puts on the k-vector, which is graphically represented by “normal shells” Document info Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, Ch 4, EM wave propagation in anisotropic media Chapter 4 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf start on page 14 Class Outline The dielectric tensor Plane wave propagation in anisotropic media The index ellipsoid Phase velocity, group velocity and energy Crystal types Propagation in uniaxial crystals Propagation in biaxial crystals Optical activity and Faraday rotation Coupled mode analysis of wave propagation The Dielectric Tensor &#x3B5; relates the electric field to the electric displacement by In anisotropic materials the polarization may not be in the same direction as the driving electric field. Why? http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-11%20EM%20wave%20propagation%20in%20anisotropic%20media.m4a Tue, 11 Sep 2007 20:35:28 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:54 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 4 in the textbook Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 4 in the textbook http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%204-EM%20waves%20in%20anisotropic%20media.pdf Fri, 07 Sep 2007 19:29:43 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We investigate the wave equation in anisotropic media and find the constraints it puts on the k-vector, which is graphically represented by “normal shells” nfo Ch 4, EM wave propagation in anisotropic media Chapter 4 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf 1Ch 4, Class Outline The dielectric tensor Plane wave propagation in anisotropic media The index ellipsoid Phase velocity, group velocity and energy Crystal types Propagation in uniaxial crystals Propagation in biaxial crystals Optical activity and Faraday rotation Coupled mode analysis of wave propagation 2Ch 4, The Dielectric Tensor ε relates the electric field to the electric displacement by In anisotropic materials the polarization may not be in the same direction as the driving electric field. Why? 03Ch 4, Anisotropic Media Charges in a material are the source of polarization. They are bound to neighboring nuclei like masses on springs. In an anisotropic material the stiffness of the springs is different depending on the orientation. The wells of the electrostatic potential that the charges sit in are not symmetric and therefore the material response (material polarization) is not necessarily in the direction of the driving field. 4Ch 4, Analogies What every-day phenomena can have a response in a direction different than the driving force? 5Ch 4, The Dielectric Tensor The susceptibility tensor χ relates the polarization of the material to the driving electric field by or Thus the material permittivity ε in is also a tensor Tensor Notation For brevity, we often express tensor equations such as in the form where summation over repeated indices is assumed, so that this is equivalent to Dielectric Tensor Properties The dielectric tensor is Hermetian such that in a lossless material all ε is real so the tensor is symmetric and can be described by 6 (rather than 9) elements Plane Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Media For a given propagation direction in a crystal (or other anisotropic material) the potential wells for the charges will unchanged. Wave Equation in Anisotropic Materials From Maxwell’s equations, using d/dt→iω and ∇→ik we have→ Which is the wave equation for a plane wave, most easily analyzed in the principle coordinate system where ε is diagonal (i.e. a coordinate system aligned to the crystal axes)10Wave Equation in Anisotropic Materials for which the determinant of the matrix must be zero for solutions (other than k=ω=0) to exist Normal Shells In a given direction, going out from the origin, a line intersect this surface at two points, corresponding to the magnitude of the two k-vectors (and hence the two values of the phase velocity) wave in this direction can have. The two directions where the surfaces meet are called the optical axes. Waves propagating in these directions will have only one possible phase velocity. Wave Equation in Anisotropic Materials Example Find the possible phase velocities (vp=ω/k) for a wave propagating along the x-axis in a crystal, and the associated http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-6%20EM%20wave%20propagation%20in%20anisotropic%20media.m4a Thu, 06 Sep 2007 20:32:36 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:54 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf These are correction for errors found on slides as of 9/4/2007 These are correction for errors found on slides as of 9/4/2007 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/corrections%20from%20chapter%201%20notes.pdf Tue, 04 Sep 2007 21:10:01 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf We apply phasor analysis of EM waves to interferometer response calculations LIGO interferometer Power Recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometer 10m modecleaner filters noise from light 4 km Fabry-Perot arm cavities increase the effective length of the arms Michelson arm lengths are set so that output port is dark Power recycling mirror resonantly enhances the power in the interferometer Interferometer Control Signal &#x2013; a beam whose phase sensitive to the length to be controlled Local Oscillator &#x2013; a beam whose phase is insensitive to that length. Detection of the phase between signal and local oscillator Transmission of cavity &#x395;&#x39F;&#x39C; X P.D.H. input spectrum Pound-Drever-Hall method Requirements Mode Cleaner Triangular modecleaner has a perimeter p=20 m, unit reflectivity end mirror and equal, lossless input/output couplers. Illuminated with a steady wave of wavelength &#x3BB; http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/9-4%20Phasor%20Calculations%20in%20LIGO.m4a Tue, 04 Sep 2007 20:39:25 -0700 Podcasting no 01:14:54 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf We investigate the response of the LIGO interferometers based on phasor analysis Phasor Calculations in LIGO Physics 208, Electro-optics 10m modecleaner filters noise from light 4 km Fabry-Perot arm cavities increase the effective length of the arms Michelson arm lengths are set so that output port is dark “Power recycling mirror” resonantly enhances the power in the interferometer 2 Case study 1, Mode Cleaner Triangular modecleaner has a perimeter p=20 m, unit reflectivity end mirror and equal, lossless input/output couplers. Illuminated with a steady wave of wavelength λ. The fields transmitting (Et) reflecting from (Er) and circulating in (Ec) the cavity are proportional to the input field (Ein) with the relations i.e. it has 100% transmission Case study 1, Mode Cleaner Transmission x=p/λ=pf/c Plot of the transmission spectrum for a Fabry-Perot cavity for various values of (t) Cavity acts like a low-pass filter for laser noise with caivty pole at δf/2 log-log plot of transmission Case study 1, Modecleaner Modecleaner sidebands must not be at integer multiples of 15 MHz so that they reflect frmo the modecleaner All other control sidebands must be at integer multiples of 15 MHz to pass through mode-cleaner Laser noise above 13 kHZ is blocked by the modecleaner Finesse=550 (T=0.006), FSR=15 MHz, δf=27 Fabry-Perot Arm Cavities Consider a Fabry-Perot cavity with identical, lossless mirrors, illuminated with a steady wave of wavelength λ. The fields transmitting (Et) reflecting from (Er) and circulating in (Ec) the cavity are proportional to the input field (Ein) with the relations CSignal response is constant below about 100 Hz High frequency signals to do not build up in the arms Finesse=110 (T=0.06), FSR=37.5 kHz,δf=340 100Plot of the circulating power in the LIGO arm cavities Signal Generation The phase accumulated in a round Which is more instructive in the form When the “carrier” resonates in the arm cavity (2ω0L/c=n π) this gives So the effect of a graviational wave is to couple light into the arm cavity with a frequency dependant input coupling t(ω)=Ec(ω)/E0 Signal from Arm Cavities Calculating the signal that is transmitted from the arm cavities requires the use of the cavity transmission with t2→t(ω), the effective input coupling from a gravitational wave, and k→c/(ω0+ω) Michelson Interferometer Imbalanced arm lengths lx≠ly Biased to a dark fringe Δφout=2πn+π ly with a 50-50 beamsplitter tbs=rbs=1/√2 Michelson Interferometer We want RF sidebands at 15 MHz transmitted to the output for heterodyne detection so with we need for 100% transmission. For n=0 this gives l-=2.5 m. In practice l-≈1m, resulting in about 60% transmission of the sideband fields. Note for the audio frequency signal sidebands the transmission is virtually 100% since Recycling Cavity Michelson interferoemter reflects virtually all of the laser power (Since interference at output port is destructive for the carrier) We can treat the Michelson interferometer as a high reflectivity mirror rm2+a=1 where a is the total round-trip power loss in the interferometer Power recycling mirror and Michelson “mirror” form a resonant cavity for the carrier Recycling Cavity Field inside recycling cavity is given by expression for the circulating field in a Fabry- Perot cavity on resonance this gives which is maximized for r1=rm giving a maximum power buildup of Recycling Cavity Note that since the signal sidebands exit the interferoemter at the output port they do not “see” the power recycling mirror. This mirror has no effect on the interfereomter response other than to increase the Phasor notation can be used to calculate response of cavities and interferometers in a systematic fashion Complex optical systems can be modeled by determining the behavior of each subsystem independently and linking them together LIGO’s peak sensitivity is about 10-22 /√Hz at 100 Hz, and matches the results from these simple calculations 18 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/Phasor%20calculations%20in%20LIGO.pdf Thu, 30 Aug 2007 20:46:46 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Lecture from August 30, 2007EM waves are described in the framework of Maxwells equation, and techniques in phasor analysis are introduced http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/ 14:3575Physics 208Physics 208, Electro-opticsPhysics 208Electro-opticsPeter Beyersdorfbeiersdorf, byersdorfHigher EducationEducation, Higher Education, ScienceSan Jose State University-leave blank to default to (C) [year] [author] -I don’t know what this does in iTunes < compilation >--boolean } Class Outline Maxwell’s equations Boundary conditions Poynting’s theorem and conservation laws Complex function formalism time average of sinusoidal products Wave equation Maxwell’s Equations Electric field (E) and magnetic field (H) in free-space can be generalized to the electric displacement (D) and the magnetic induction (B) that include the effects of matter. Maxwell’s equations relate these vectors → → → → Faraday’s law Ampere’s law Gauss’ law (for electricity) Gauss’ law (for magnetism) What do each of these mean? Faraday’s Law The Curl of the electric field is caused by changing magnetic fields A changing magnetic field can produce electric fields with field lines that close on themselves Ampere’s Law The Curl of the magnetic field is caused by current of charged particles (J) or of the field they produce (dD/dt) A changing electric field can produce magnetic fields (with field lines that close on themselves) For all cases considered in this class, J=0 Gauss’ Law Electrical charges are the source of the electric field For all cases considered in this class, ρ=0 ε is a 3x3 tensor not a scalar (unless the material is isotropic)! ε may be a function of E and H! (giving rise to non-linear optics) ε can be determined via measurements on a parallel plate capacitor filled with a given material using the equation C=εA/d Gauss’ Law for Magnetism There are no source of magnetic fields No magnetic monopoles Magnetic field lines can only circulate μ is a 3x3 tensor not a scalar (unless the material is isotropic)! μ may be a function of E and H! (giving rise to non-linear optics) μ can be measured using the Biot-Savart law Waves and Maxwell’s Equations A charged particle is a source of an electric field When that particle moves it changes the (spatial distribution of) the electric field When the electric field changes it produces a circulating magnetic field If the particle accelerates this circulating magnetic field will change A changing magnetic field produces a circulating electric field The circulating electric field becomes the source of a circulating magnetic field Boundary Conditions When an EM wave propagates across an interface, Maxwell’s equations must be satisfied at the interface as well as in the bulk materials. The constraints necessary for this to occur are called the boundary conditions Boundary Conditions Boundary Conditions Gauss’ law can be used to find the boundary conditions on the component of the electric field that is perpendicular]]> The wave equation is derived from Maxwells equations and the phase velocity and group velocity of a wave are presented The Wave Equation and the Speed of Light Chapter 1 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf Start on page 20 Complex Representation of Electromagnetic Waves Chapter 1 Physics 208, Electro-optics Peter Beyersdorf Start on page 24 {<comments>Lecture from August 30, 2007</comments><description>EM waves are described in the framework of Maxwells equation, and techniques in phasor analysis are introduced</description><url> http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/ </url><starttime>14:35</starttime><duration>75</duration><podcast-series-title>Physics 208</podcast-series-title><album>Physics 208, Electro-optics</album><class number>Physics 208</class number><class name>Electro-optics</class name><author>Peter Beyersdorf</author><keywords>beiersdorf, byersdorf</keywords><genre>Higher Education</genre><category>Education, Higher Education, Science</category><university>San Jose State University</university><composer></composer><copyright></copyright>-leave blank to default to (C) [year] [author] <grouping></grouping>-I don&#x2019;t know what this does in iTunes < compilation ></compilation >--boolean } Class Outline Maxwell&#x2019;s equations Boundary conditions Poynting&#x2019;s theorem and conservation laws Complex function formalism time average of sinusoidal products Wave equation Maxwell&#x2019;s Equations Electric field (E) and magnetic field (H) in free-space can be generalized to the electric displacement (D) and the magnetic induction (B) that include the effects of matter. Maxwell&#x2019;s equations relate these vectors &#x2192; &#x2192; &#x2192; &#x2192; Faraday&#x2019;s law Ampere&#x2019;s law Gauss&#x2019; law (for electricity) Gauss&#x2019; law (for magnetism) What do each of these mean? Faraday&#x2019;s Law The Curl of the electric field is caused by changing magnetic fields A changing magnetic field can produce electric fields with field lines that close on themselves Ampere&#x2019;s Law The Curl of the magnetic field is caused by current of charged particles (J) or of the field they produce (dD/dt) A changing electric field can produce magnetic fields (with field lines that close on themselves) For all cases considered in this class, J=0 Gauss&#x2019; Law Electrical charges are the source of the electric field For all cases considered in this class, &#x3C1;=0 &#x3B5; is a 3x3 tensor not a scalar (unless the material is isotropic)! &#x3B5; may be a function of E and H! (giving rise to non-linear optics) &#x3B5; can be determined via measurements on a parallel plate capacitor filled with a given material using the equation C=&#x3B5;A/d Gauss&#x2019; Law for Magnetism There are no source of magnetic fields No magnetic monopoles Magnetic field lines can only circulate &#x3BC; is a 3x3 tensor not a scalar (unless the material is isotropic)! &#x3BC; may be a function of E and H! (giving rise to non-linear optics) &#x3BC; can be measured using the Biot-Savart law Waves and Maxwell&#x2019;s Equations A charged particle is a source of an electric field When that particle moves it changes the (spatial distribution of) the electric field When the electric field changes it produces a circulating magnetic field If the particle accelerates this circulating magnetic field will change A changing magnetic field produces a circulating electric field The circulating electric field becomes the source of a circulating magnetic field Boundary Conditions When an EM wave propagates across an interface, Maxwell&#x2019;s equations must be satisfied at the interface as well as in the bulk materials. The constraints necessary for this to occur are called the boundary conditions Boundary Conditions Boundary Conditions Gauss&#x2019; law can be used to find the boundary conditions on the component of the electric field that is perpendicular http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/8-30%20The%20Wave%20Equation%20and%20the%20Speed%20of%20Light.m4a Thu, 30 Aug 2007 20:25:20 -0700 Higher Education no 01:14:42 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf EM waves are described in the framework of Maxwell’s equation, and techniques in phasor analysis are introduced Class Outline Maxwell s equations Boundary conditions Poynting s theorem and conservation laws Complex function formalism time average of sinusoidal products Wave equation and monochromatic plane waves Maxwell s Equations Electric field (E) and magnetic field (H) in free- space can be generalized to the electric displacement (D) and the magnetic induction (B) that include the effects of matter. Maxwell s equations relate these vectors Faraday s law Ampere s law Gauss law (for electricity)Gauss law (for magnetism) What do each of these mean? 3 Faraday s Law The Curl of the electric field is caused by changing magnetic fields A changing magnetic field can produce electric fields with field lines that close on themselves Ampere s Law The Curl of the magnetic field is caused by current of charged particles (J) or of the field they produce (dD/dt) A changing electric field can produce magnetic fields (with field lines that close on themselves) For all cases considered in this class, J=0 Electrical charges are the source of the electric field For all cases considered in this class, µ is a 3x3 tensor not a scalar (unless the material is isotropic)! µ may be a function of E and H! (giving rise to non-linear optics) Gauss Law for Magnetism There are no source of magnetic fields No magnetic monopoles Magnetic field lines can only circulate is a 3x3 tensor not a scalar (unless the material is isotropic)! may be a function of E and H! (giving rise to non-linear optics 7 A charged particle is a source of an electric field When that particle moves it changes the (spatial distribution of) the electric field When the electric field changes it produces a circulating magnetic field If the particle accelerates this circulating magnetic field will change A changing magnetic field produces a circulating electric field When an EM wave propagates across an interface, Maxwell s equations must be satisfied at the interface as well as in the bulk materials. The constraints necessary for this to occur are called the boundary conditions Boundary Conditions Gauss law can be used to find the boundary conditions on the component of the electric field that is perpendicular to the interface. If the materials are dielectrics there will be no free charge on the surface (q=0) Faraday s law can be applied at the interface. If the loop around which the electric field is computed is made to have an infintesimal area the right side will go to zero giving a relationship between the parallel components of the electric field Gauss law for magnetism gives a relationship between the perpendicular components of the magnetic field at the interface Ampere s law applied to a loop at the interface that has an infintesimal area gives a relationship between the parallel components of the magnetic field. (Note that in most common materials o) Poynting s Theorem The flow of electromagnetic energy is given by the Poynting vector which has a magnitude that is the power per unit area carried by an electromagnetic wave in the direction of S. Complex-Function Formalism Steady-state sinusoidal functions of the form can be treated as having a complex amplitude such that the function can be written as or in shorthand where it is understood that the real part of this complex expression represents the original sinusoidal function Phasors The complex amplitude of a sinusoidal function can be represented graphically by a point (often an arrow from the origin to a point) in the complex plane Addition of same-frequency sinusoidal functions involves factoring out the time dependance and simply adding the phasor amplitudes. Addition of difference frequency sinusoidal function is often simplified by factoring out a sinusoidal component at the average frequency. Multiplication of sinusoidal functions can not be done by multiplying phasors since For http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/8-28%20Complex%20Representation%20of%20Electromagnetic%20Waves.m4a Tue, 28 Aug 2007 20:58:16 -0700 Podcasting no 01:20:08 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf The first class - we introduce the course syllabus and discuss the history of electrooptics Class Outline Introductions Electro-optics through history LIGO: A case study overview Introductions Instructor: Dr. Peter Beyersdorf Office: Science 235 email: peter.beyersdorf@sjsu.edu Phone: 924-5236 Office Hours Tuesday, Thursday 8:15-9:00 pm Webpage: http://sjsu.blackboard.com/public/phys208f07pb/ Textbook Yariv and Yeh Optical Waves in Crystals Electro-optics is a field that deals with the influence of electric fields on the optical properties of matter including transmission, emission and absorption of light. This course will cover the theory and use of birefringent crystals, amplitude and phase modulators, non-linear optics, and detectors. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/8-23%20Introduction%20to%20Electro-optics.m4a Thu, 23 Aug 2007 23:00:12 -0700 Podcasting no 01:06:36 beiersdorf, byersdorf Peter Beyersdorf Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 1 in the textbook Notes for lectures corresponding to chapter 1 in the textbook http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%201-complex%20representation%20of%20EM%20waves.pdf Thu, 23 Aug 2007 23:00:02 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Notes from the first day of lecture Notes from the first day of lecture http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/ch%200-History%20and%20introduction.pdf Thu, 23 Aug 2007 22:59:56 -0700 Podcasting no 00:00:00 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics Peter Beyersdorf Instructions on how to login to the class web page The class has a web site, available at http://sjsu.blackboard.com/public/phys208f07pb/. This site requires users login. Your login ID is your SJSU ID# with the first two zeros replaced by a capital “W”, i.e. 004820123 becomes W820123. Your default password is “fall”, you can change this once you login for the first time. Once logged in you can also set your contact email. I will use this contact information for occasional important announcements. It is your responsibility to ensure that it is kept accurate and up-to-date. Electronic copies of class lecture notes will be posted on this site, as well as all other class material that needs to be distributed. Additionally there is a discussion forum hosted at this site. Please use this forum to post questions relating to homework or class for the class and/or professor. Also, please offer responses to others inquiries when possible. Please show the same etiquette online that you would show in a face-to-face discussion with other classmates. Flames or other offensive postings will not be tolerated. Once logged into this web site you can view your entry in my grade-book to track your score in the class and ensure its accuracy. http:// http://sjsu.blackboard.com/public/phys208f07pb/ http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/beyersdorf/Archive/Phys208F07/login.mp4 Wed, 22 Aug 2007 12:20:30 -0700 Podcasting no 00:01:11 photonics, electro-optics, crystals, optics