Methods Covered in HS167

Version of 12/3/04.  Some characters may not display properly on Macintosh computers.

Key Concepts

• Measurement Quality and Type
• Sample Quality 
• Probability Basics
• Distributional shape, location, and spread
• Sampling variation
• Inference: estimation and hypothesis testing
• Power, sample size, and precision

Descriptive Methods

• Stem-and-leaf 
• Histogram
• Frequency Table
• Mean, median, mode
• Sum of squares, variance, standard deviation
• Range, interquartile range
• 5-point summary
• Box-and-whiskers 

Inferential Methods

Chapter	Parameter	Point estimate	Standard Error	Confidence Interval	Null hypothesis	Test statistic
5: Intro to estimation	�		SEM = s / �n or sem = s / �n	� (z*)(SEM) or  � (t*)(sem)	Chap 6	see Chap 6
6: Intro to hypothesis testing	�		same as above	Chap 5	H0: � = �0 [�0 from question]	zstat = ( - �0) / SEM or tstat = ( - �0) / sem
7: Paired samples	�d	d	semd  = sd / �n	d � (t*)(semd)	H0: �d = 0	tstat = (d) / semd
8: Independent samples	�1 - �2	1-2	semeandif = �[s�p(1/n1+1/n2)]	(1 -2)� (t*)(semeandif )	H0: �1 = �2	tstat = (1  -2) / semeandif
9: Inference about a proportion	p		sephat = �/ n	� (z*)(sephat)	H0: p = p0 [p0 from question]	zstat = (-p0) / sephat  NR
10: Comparison of proportions	p1 - p0	1 - 0	NR	NR	H0: no association in population	c2stat= S (O-E)2/E