Professions, such as medicine, are based on theory, while education is developed primarily on the basis of classroom experience.

Research is of no value if the results of different studies are conflicting.

A body of knowledge is of little value unless it is complete.

Research results and theories are essentially unrelated to each other.

Education is virtually the only profession that has conflicting research results.

Of the following, the best description of a theory is:

Which of the following statements are true of theories?

1. They are based on the results of patterns identified by research.
2. They serve as a basis for predicting the outcome of future events.
3. They serve as a basis for explaining events.
4. Once developed, they are not modified.

Use the following description for items 3-5.

Mrs. Adcox was having a difficult time getting her students involved in her lessons. She would begin by telling them that the content they were studying was important, but the students were unresponsive.

She thought a lot about the problem, asking colleagues and looking for ideas. In reading an article in one of her professional journals one evening, she saw a report indicating that students are often curious when teachers begin their lessons with a question or problem that doesn't have an apparent solution. It sounded like it might help her in her frustration with her students, but she asked herself, "How am I going to do this in language arts? That's where the students are the most listless."

Then she hit on an idea. She began her next class by telling the students, "Look, kids, when we have one baby we spell it b a b y, but when we have more than one we spell it b a b i e s. On the other hand, we spell boy, b o y, but when we have more than one we spell it b o y s rather than b o i e s. Why do you suppose we have the difference?"

She then made it a point to call on her cultural minority students as much as she called on those who were not minorities. She was pleased to discover that all her students were more interested in what she was doing, so much so that whenever possible, she began her lessons with a problem or question.

Of the following, the above description best illustrates a:

Mrs. Adcox read her professional journal and learned about the effects of beginning lessons with a question or problem. She then figured out an original way that this information could be applied with her language arts students. This process best illustrates:

In the episode we saw that Mrs. Adcox ". . . made it a point to call on her cultural minority students as much as she called on those who were not minorities." Of the following, this practice best illustrates: