EDUCATION

1992	Doctor of Philosophy, Science Education, University of Iowa. Dissertation: Comparing Algorithmic and Heuristic Instructional Approaches in Teaching Problem-solving in High School Chemistry Director: Dr. J. A. Shymansky

1982	Master of Science, Biophysics, Pennsylvania State University. Dissertation: Relationship Between Histamine Concentration and Fluid Phase Endocytosis in Cultured Bovine Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells Director: Dr. Ted Hollis

1980	Bachelor of Science (Honors), Biophysics, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town (South Africa).

1979	Higher Education Diploma, Physical Science and English teaching, University of South Africa, Pretoria (South Africa).

1976	Bachelor of Science, Chemistry and Biophysics, University of South Africa, Pretoria.

1970	Bachelor of Arts, English and History, University of South Africa, Pretoria (South Africa).

ACADEMIC AND TEACHING EMPLOYMENT

2001-

Associate Professor in Science Education (tenure track)

San Jose State University, San Jose, CA.

1994-2001	Assistant Professor in Science Education (tenure track) Washington State University, Vancouver

1992-1994	Visiting Professor in Science Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA

1991-1992	Staff Associate (Research, Assessment and Curriculum Development) The Chemical Education for Public Understanding Program (CEPUP), Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA

1991	Adjunct Lecturer in Science Education and Biology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA.

1973-1988	Deputy Principal and Head of Science, Lotus High School, Cape Town, South Africa

1988	Science Teaching Methods Lecturer, WesleyTeacher Training College, Cape Town, 1983

1977-1980	Part-time Chemistry Lecturer, Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town

1980	Part-time Physiology Lecturer, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town.

DISTINCTIONS AND HONORS

1999	Awarded Early Career NSF Research award FOR $500,000. The NSF describes this award as follows: The CAREER program recognizes and supports the early career development activities of those teacher-scholars who are most likely to become the academic leaders of the 21^st century.
1991	Elected an International Fellow of the Iowa Peace Institute

1984	Awarded Merit Promotion for Teaching Excellence by Department of Education and Culture, South Africa.

1980-1982	Full bright International Scholar at Pennsylvania State University.

1963	Listed among top ten High School Graduates in South Africa

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS

2004	Sense of Classroom Membership as a Possible Factor in the Academic Performance Patterns of African American Students in Science. Hawaii (Submitted).
2004	What are the real differences between black and white students? Exploring the achievement gap in science. NARST (Submitted).
2004	What are the real differences between black and white students? Exploring the achievement gap. AERA (Submitted).
2003	From commitment to lived reality: Membership in learning communities. American Anthropological Association. (Submitted).
2003	Course Writing Workshop. Combining content and pedagogy in Math and Science. Morgan State University.
2003	Sense of Classroom Membership as a Possible Factor in the Academic Performance Patterns of African American Students in Science. AERA (Presented).

2002	Do Black Adolescents Equate Getting Good Grades with 'Acting White? : A Historical and Empirical Exploration. Paper accepted at 2002 AERA Convention , New Orleans, LA.

2001		Voices from the Classroom: African American Students' Perceptions of their Science Classroom and Science Learning Experiences. Paper presented at 2001 AERA Convention, Seattle, WA.

2001		The Black-White Achievement Gap in Science: Trends, Questions, and Implications for Research and Practice. Paper presented at NARST, St. Louis MO.
2001		The Black-White Achievement Gap in Science: Implications for Teacher Education. Paper presented at AETS, Anaheim, CA.
2000		Science, Race, and Education: A Symposium Presented At the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. New Orleans, LA
1999	Teaching for Higher Order Thinking Skills in Middle School Science Paper Presented at the Annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Association. Boston, MA

1998	Investigating the use of Cognitive Grouping in Cooperative Learning. Paper Presented at the Annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. San Diego, CA.

1998	The Case for an Inclusive Historiography in Science. Paper Presented at the Annual meeting of American Educational Research Association. San Diego, CA.

1997	Toward a Viable Constructivism for Science Classrooms. Paper Presented at the Annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. San Diego, CA.

1996	Exploring Elementary Teachers' Conceptions of Science Knowledge in a Problem Solving Context. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. St. Louis, MS

1996	Scientific Racism and the Public Discourse. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Multicultural Education. St. Paul, MN.

1996	Science for All. Paper presented at the 'Equity in Diversity' Conference of the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Portland, OR.

1995	SETCREST: A Model for the Professional Development of Science Teachers. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Washington Science Teachers' Association. Pullman, WA.

1994	Investigating the nature of formal reasoning in Chemistry: Testing Lawson's Multiple Hypothesis Theory. A paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. Anaheim, CA.

1993	Content Analysis of CEPUP: A Middle School Curriculum. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. Atlanta, GA.

1991	Comparing Algorithmic and Heuristic Instructional Approaches in Teaching Problem-solving in High School Chemistry Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching in Boston, MA.

1992	Earth Sciencing with Balloons: A Continuing Adventure in Science. Workshop Presented at the Annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Association. Kansas City, MS

1990	Constructivist Ideas as a Basis for In-service Teacher Education: First Year Results of a Program to Enhance Middle School Teachers Understanding of Concepts in the Area of Electricity and Simple Circuits. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching in Atlanta, GA.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS PUBLISHED IN PEER-REVIEWED

PROCEEDINGS

1995	Critical Thinking and the Education of Science Teachers: Building a Community of meaning makers. Proceedings of the 13^th Annual International Conference on Critical Thinking and Educational Reform. Center for Critical Thinking and Moral Critique. Sonoma State University. Rohnert Park, CA.

1994	A Framework for Applying Critical Thinking to Inter-Cultural Encounters. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Convention of the National Association For Multicultural Education. Washington, DC. (With Smith, R. S., and Habel, D)

1993	Beyond Kuhn: The Historiography and Epistemology of an Inclusive Sociocultural Discourse on Science. . Proceedings of the 3^rd International Conference on History, Philosophy and Science Teaching. University of Minnesota.

Invited Presentations

2001	Invited to Present Research Presentation to Williamette University for their 2001 Annual General Public Lecture Series. Portland, OR

2001

Invited to Present Keynote Presentation for 2001 Black History Month Activities at Marylhurst University, Portland, OR.

2000

Presented keynote address at function honoring high achieving K-12

Minority students in Clark County, WA. In June 2000.

Peer-reviewed Publications in International and National Journals

2002	Issues in the preparation of the teachers to face the challenge of the Black-White achievement gap in science: I love your questions, but we have to get through this stuff. Charles Ault, Jr. and Obed Norman (Currently under review)

2001	The Black-White Achievement Gap as a perennial challenge of urban science education: A sociocultural and historical overview with implications for research and practice. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. (Vol. 38, No. 10 pp.1101-1114)

1998	Marginalized Discourses and Scientific Literacy. Journal of Research in Science Teaching (Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 365-374)

1997	Investigating the nature of formal reasoning in Chemistry: Testing Lawson's Multiple Hypothesis Theory. Journal of Research in Science Teaching (Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 1067 - 1081)

1995

Views of American Education: The Perceptions of Non-American Professors of Education Working at US Universities. (With Kegan, D. , Tippins, D) The Educational Forum (Winter Issue, January, 1995 Vol. 59; 2, 140-153)

1993

A study of Changes Middle School Teachers Understanding of Selected Ideas in Science as a Function of an In-service Program Focusing on Student Preconceptions. (With Shymansky J., Woodworth G., Norman O., Dunkhase J., C., and

Liu Chin Tang) The Journal of Research in Science Teaching. (September, 1993 Vol. 30.7, 737-755)

Publications in Regional K-12 Teacher Journals

1992	Reflections on Science Education. The Georgia Science Teacher, September 1992.

1985	A Simple Quantitative Demonstration of the Principle of the Conservation of Mechanical Energy. Spectrum, July 1985.

GRANTS (Partial List)

1. Awarded $500,000five-year Early Career Research Award from NSF.

Project: Performance Enhancement for African American Students in Science (PEASS) Purpose: To investigate the underlying reasons for the underachievement of African American students in science and propose research based effective instructional strategies for minority students. 1999 to 2005.

The CAREER program recognizes and supports the early career development activities of those teacher scholars who are most likely to become the academic leaders of the 21^st century NSF Overview.

2.Co-Principal Investigator on 3 million dollar NSF systemic grant project Partnership in Elementary Science 1997 ö2004. Took principal responsibility for writing the grant. Funded and Ongoing

3.Ê Assessment Director for a Design Technology Grant funded by OSPI and Directed by ESD 112.Ê (1998)

4. PI on Eisenhower State Grant for Teacher Professional Development (SETCREST) $45,000. Awarded in 1995 and Concluded in 1996

SERVICE TO UNIVERSITY, COMMUNITY, AND PROFESSION

1. Member of the San Jose State University Student Fairness Committee (2002-)

2. Member of the San Jose State University College of Education Research and Scholarship Committee. (2001-)

3. Member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Science Teacher Education. 2001

4. Senior Reviewer for Journal of Research in Science Teaching. Appointed 1999

5. Member of the National Advisory Board of a Nationally funded Project to develop videos on Exemplary Science Teaching at the University of Southern California. (1999-)

6. Serves regularly as either Chair or Member of MIT and Ed.M. Masters theses committees. (1999)

7. Chair, Faculty Academic Interests and Research (FAIR) Subcommittee (1997-99.)

8. Member of Faculty Governance Committee for Vancouver (1998)

9. Member of Nishinomiya Delegation Reception Committee in 1998

10.Ê Member of WSU Delegation Partnership Visit to Nishinomiya, Japan in 1997.

11. Member of Diversity Task Force at WSUV. 1999.

12. Member of WSU Masters Thesis Restructuring Committee. 1999.

Professional Association Membership (Selected):

Member of National Association for Research in Science Teaching (NARST).

Member of National Science Teachers' Association (NSTA). Served on Multicultural Committee (1995)

Member of National Association of Multicultural Education (NAME).

Member of Washington Science Teachers' Association (WSTA).

Have presented papers on African Issues at the annual Berkeley-Stanford Joint Conference on Africa (1992 and 1994)

Reviewer for Conference Proposal to Annual Meetings of NARST and NAME (Ongoing since 1996)

Member of AETS Awards Committee

Member of NARST Awards Committee

Member of NARST Equity Committee