Statistics for Japan

San Jose State University
Economics Department
Thayer Watkins

JAPAN

Geography

Population

Government

Economy

Communications
& Transportation

Military

Tokyo

Osaka

Geography
Location	Land	Land Use	Resources	Climate	Environment
Japanese Place Names

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Location:
Eastern Asia, island chain east of the Korean Peninsula between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan
Geographic coordinates: 36 00 N, 138 00 E

Geographic Charcteristics
Category	Quantity
Area:
Total	377,835 sq km
land	374,744 sq km
water	3,091 sq km
Irrigated land	27,820 sq km
Coastline	29,751 km

Climate
Region	Climate
South	Tropical
North	Cool Temperate

Natural resources and attributes:
mineral resources	negligible
fish	abundant
location	strategic
hazards	earthquakes volcanoes tsunamis

Land use: (1993 est.)
arable land	11%
permanent crops	1%
permanent pastures	2%
forests and woodland	67%
other	19%

Environment—current issues:
air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain
acidification of lakes and reservoirs
degrading water quality
threatened aquatic life

People

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Population
Age Structure	Demographic Rates	Ethnic Composition	Religion

Age structure: (1999 est.)
Age Group	Proportion	Male	Female	Sex Ratio males/female
0-14 years:	15%	9,697,851	9,242,027	1.05
15-64 years:	68%	43,405,024	43,023,885	1.01
65 years and over:	17%	8,686,347;	12,126,943	0.72
Total	100%	126,182,077 (July 1999 est.)		0.96

Demographic Rates and Characteristics
Rate	Value (1999 est.)
Birth rate	10.48 births/1,000 population
Death rate	8.12 deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate	-0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Infant mortality rate	4.07 deaths/1,000 live births
Infant mortality rate	4.07 deaths/1,000 live births
Population growth rate	0.2%
Total fertility rate:	1.48 children born/woman
Life expectancy at birth:
total population	80.11 years
male	77.02 years
female	83.35 years

Ethnic group Proportion

Japanese 99.4%
Other
(mostly Korean) 0.6%
Religious
Affiliation Proportion

Observe both
Shintoism and
Buddhism 84%
Christian 0.7%
Other 15.3%
Government

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Government
Administrative
Divisions
Executive
Branch
Legislative
Branch
Judicial
Branch
International
Organizations

Administrative divisions:
47 prefectures
Aichi
Akita
Aomori
Chiba
Ehime
Fukui
Fukuoka
Fukushima
Gifu
Gumma
Hiroshima
Hokkaido
Hyogo
Ibaraki
Ishikawa
Iwate
Kagawa
Kagoshima
Kanagawa
Kochi
Kumamoto
Kyoto
Mie
Miyagi
Administrative divisions:
47 prefectures
Miyazaki
Nagano
Nagasaki
Nara
Niigata
Oita
Okayama
Okinawa
Osaka
Saga
Saitama
Shiga
Shimane
Shizuoka
Tochigi
Tokushima
Tokyo
Tottori
Toyama
Wakayama
Yamagata
Yamaguchi
Yamanashi

.

Executive branch:
OFFICE HOLDER SINCE:
chief of state Emperor AKIHITO 7 January 1989

head of government Prime Minister
Keizo OBUCHI 30 July 1998

cabinet Cabinet appointed by the prime minister

Legislative Branch
Seats Terms
Diet (Kokkai) bicameral
House of Councillors
(Sangi-in) 252 seats 126 members elected every three years—

      76 elected from the 47 multi-seatprefectural districts

      50 elected from a single nationwide list with voters casting ballotsby party; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
House of Representatives (Shugi-in) 500 seats 200 elected from 11 regional blocks on a proportional representation basis

300 elected from 300 single-seat districts; members elected bypopular vote to serve four-year terms
House of Councillors
seats by party
after last election
Party Seats
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 102
Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) 47
Japanese Communist Party (JCP) 23
Komeito 22
Social Democratic Party (SDP) 13
Liberal Party 12
independents 26
others 7
House of Representatives
seats by party
after last election
Party Seats
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 240
New Frontier Party (NFP) 142
Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) 52
Japanese Communist Party (JCP) 26
Social Democratic Party (SDP) 15
Sun Party 10
others 15
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
chief justice appointed by the monarch
after designationby the cabinet
all other justices appointed by the cabinet
International organization participation:
AfDB APEC, AsDB Australia Group BIS CCC
CE (observer) CERN (observer) CP EBRD ESCAP FAO
G- 5 G- 7 G-10 IADB IAEA IBRD
ICAO, ICC ICFTU ICRM IDA IEA
IFAD IFC IFRCS IHO ILO IMF

IMO Inmarsat Intelsat Interpol IOC IOM
ISO ITU MTCR NEA NSG OAS (observer)
OECD OPCW OSCE (partner) PCA UN UN Security Council (temporary)
UNCTAD UNDOF UNESCO UNHCR UNIDO UNITAR
UNRWA UNU UPU WFTU WHO WIPO
WMO WToO WTrO ZC

Economy
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Economy
Production
and Income
Labor Force
Industry
Trade
Energy
Labor Force
by industry (1994)
Sector Share
trade and services 50%
manufacturing, mining, and construction 33%
utilities and communication 7%
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6%
government 3%

Total Labor Force
(November 1998 67.72 million

Energy
Source Production
Electricity
Total production 948.559 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity
production by source: Share
(1996)
fossil fuel 61.47%

hydro 8.34%

nuclear 29.83%

other 0.36%
Trade Statistic Value
1998
Exports: $440 billion (f.o.b.)
Imports: $319 billion (c.i.f.)
Economic aid: donor: ODA, $9.1 billion (1999)
Exports: commodities: Share

machinery 50%,
motor vehicles 19%,
consumer electronics 3%
other manufactures 24%
nonmanufactures 4%
Imports: commodities: Share
manufactures 54%,
foodstuffs and raw materials 28%,
fossil fuels 16%
TRADE PARTNERS
Exports Share Imports Share

US 30% US 24%
EU 18% EU 14%
Southeast Asia 12% Southeast Asia 14%
China 5% China 13%
Communications
& Transportation
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Communications &
Transportation
Telephones
Radio &
Television
Railways
Highways
Shipping
Airports
Other
Transportation
Telephone System
Number of telephones
(1987 est.) 64 million
System Quality excellent
Submarine Cables China, Russia
Guam, Philippines
Communication
Satellites 5 Intelsat
1 Intersputnik
1 Inmarsat
Broadcast Media
Media Stations Receivers
Radio AM 318
FM 58
Shortwave 0 97 million
(1993 est.)
Television 113 main commercial stations
441 commercial repeater stations
95 main non-commercial stations
     of 1 kW or greater power
6,900 non-commercial low-power stations 100 million
(1993 est.)

Railway Lines
Gauge Length Proportion
electrified
All 23,670.7 km
standard gauge
1.435 meter 2,893.1 km 100%
narrow gauges
1.372 meter 89.8 km 100%
1.067 meter 20,656.8 km 50%
0.762 meter 31 km 12%

Highways
Type Length
All 1.16 million km
Expressway 6,070 km
Other paved 853,490 km
Unpaved 300,440 km

Other Transportation
Type Length
Waterways 1,770 km
Pipelines
Natural gas 1,800 km
Petroleum
products 322 km
Crude
Petroleum 84 km

Merchant Marine
Ships Number
(1998 est.) Tonnage
(millions)
All 713 13.8 GRT
19.3 DWT
Type
Bulk 159
Cargo 54
Chemical
Tanker 13
Combination
Bulk 16
Combination
Ore/Oil 4
Container 27
Liquified
Gas Tanker 40
Oil Tanker 232
Passenger 10
Passenger-Cargo 2
Refrigerated Cargo 27
Roll-on/roll-off Cargo 48
Short Sea-Passenger 13
Vehicle Carrier 68

Airports and Helioports
Type Number
Helioports 14
Airports 170
Total
With paved runways 140
Runway over 3,047 m 5
Runway under 914 m 31
Total
with unpaved runways 30
Runway 914 to 1,523 m 2
Runway under 914 m 28

Military
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Military
Manpower
Expenditure
Military Manpower Availability
Population
Category Number
(1999 est.)
males age 15-49 30.6 million
fit for military service 26.4 million
males reaching
military age
annually 785 thousand

Military Expenditure (FY98/99)
Dollar Equivalent $42.9 billion
Percent of GDP 0.9%

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Ethnic group	Proportion
Japanese	99.4%
Other (mostly Korean)	0.6%

Religious Affiliation	Proportion
Observe both Shintoism and Buddhism	84%
Christian	0.7%
Other	15.3%

Executive branch:
OFFICE	HOLDER	SINCE:
chief of state	Emperor AKIHITO	7 January 1989
head of government	Prime Minister Keizo OBUCHI	30 July 1998
cabinet	Cabinet appointed by the prime minister

Legislative Branch
	Seats	Terms
Diet (Kokkai) bicameral
House of Councillors (Sangi-in)	252 seats	126 members elected every three years— 76 elected from the 47 multi-seatprefectural districts 50 elected from a single nationwide list with voters casting ballotsby party; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
House of Representatives (Shugi-in)	500 seats	200 elected from 11 regional blocks on a proportional representation basis 300 elected from 300 single-seat districts; members elected bypopular vote to serve four-year terms

House of Councillors seats by party after last election
Party	Seats
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)	102
Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ)	47
Japanese Communist Party (JCP)	23
Komeito	22
Social Democratic Party (SDP)	13
Liberal Party	12
independents	26
others	7

Judicial branch: Supreme Court
chief justice	appointed by the monarch after designationby the cabinet
all other justices	appointed by the cabinet

International organization participation:
AfDB	APEC,	AsDB	Australia Group	BIS	CCC
CE (observer)	CERN (observer)	CP	EBRD	ESCAP	FAO
G- 5	G- 7	G-10	IADB	IAEA	IBRD
ICAO,	ICC	ICFTU	ICRM	IDA	IEA
IFAD	IFC	IFRCS	IHO	ILO	IMF
IMO	Inmarsat	Intelsat	Interpol	IOC	IOM
ISO	ITU	MTCR	NEA	NSG	OAS (observer)
OECD	OPCW	OSCE (partner)	PCA	UN	UN Security Council (temporary)
UNCTAD	UNDOF	UNESCO	UNHCR	UNIDO	UNITAR
UNRWA	UNU	UPU	WFTU	WHO	WIPO
WMO	WToO	WTrO	ZC

Labor Force by industry (1994)
Sector	Share
trade and services	50%
manufacturing, mining, and construction	33%
utilities and communication	7%
agriculture, forestry, and fishing	6%
government	3%

Total Labor Force (November 1998	67.72 million

Energy
Source	Production
Electricity Total production	948.559 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity production by source:	Share (1996)
fossil fuel	61.47%
hydro	8.34%
nuclear	29.83%
other	0.36%

Trade Statistic	Value 1998
Exports:	$440 billion (f.o.b.)
Imports:	$319 billion (c.i.f.)
Economic aid: donor:	ODA, $9.1 billion (1999)

Exports: commodities:	Share
machinery	50%,
motor vehicles	19%,
consumer electronics	3%
other manufactures	24%
nonmanufactures	4%

Imports: commodities:	Share
manufactures	54%,
foodstuffs and raw materials	28%,
fossil fuels	16%

TRADE PARTNERS
Exports	Share	Imports	Share
US	30%	US	24%
EU	18%	EU	14%
Southeast Asia	12%	Southeast Asia	14%
China	5%	China	13%

Telephone System
Number of telephones (1987 est.)	64 million
System Quality	excellent
Submarine Cables	China, Russia Guam, Philippines
Communication Satellites	5 Intelsat 1 Intersputnik 1 Inmarsat

Broadcast Media
Media	Stations	Receivers
Radio	AM 318 FM 58 Shortwave 0	97 million (1993 est.)
Television	113 main commercial stations 441 commercial repeater stations 95 main non-commercial stations of 1 kW or greater power 6,900 non-commercial low-power stations	100 million (1993 est.)

Railway Lines
Gauge	Length	Proportion electrified
All	23,670.7 km
standard gauge
1.435 meter	2,893.1 km	100%
narrow gauges
1.372 meter	89.8 km	100%
1.067 meter	20,656.8 km	50%
0.762 meter	31 km	12%

Highways
Type	Length
All	1.16 million km
Expressway	6,070 km
Other paved	853,490 km
Unpaved	300,440 km

Other Transportation
Type	Length
Waterways	1,770 km
Pipelines
Natural gas	1,800 km
Petroleum products	322 km
Crude Petroleum	84 km

Merchant Marine
Ships	Number (1998 est.)	Tonnage (millions)
All	713	13.8 GRT 19.3 DWT
Type
Bulk	159
Cargo	54
Chemical Tanker	13
Combination Bulk	16
Combination Ore/Oil	4
Container	27
Liquified Gas Tanker	40
Oil Tanker	232
Passenger	10
Passenger-Cargo	2
Refrigerated Cargo	27
Roll-on/roll-off Cargo	48
Short Sea-Passenger	13
Vehicle Carrier	68

Airports and Helioports
Type	Number
Helioports	14
Airports	170
Total With paved runways	140
Runway over 3,047 m	5
Runway under 914 m	31
Total with unpaved runways	30
Runway 914 to 1,523 m	2
Runway under 914 m	28

Military Manpower Availability
Population Category	Number (1999 est.)
males age 15-49	30.6 million
fit for military service	26.4 million
males reaching military age annually	785 thousand

Military Expenditure (FY98/99)
Dollar Equivalent	$42.9 billion
Percent of GDP	0.9%