Online Bibliography

APA Ethics Committee. (1995). Services by telephone, teleconferencing, and internet. [On-line]. Available World Wide Web: http://www.apa.org/ethics/stmnt01.html

This is a statement by the ethics committee stating that there are no set rules or regulations on telephone, teleconferencing and internet psychological services and that "this will be the subject of APA task forces and will be considered in future revision of the Ethics Code." It brings forth relevant ethics code sections and quotes from those sections that therapists using these methods need to keep in mind until the Code is revised and specific. I will probably use this in and implications section discussing the need for a revised code as well as a need for therapists to abide by certain standards when using the net to provide therapy.

Bankart, P. C. (1997). Basic considerations for undertaking a history of the talking cure. In Murphy, E. (Ed.), Talking Cures. (pp. 18-20). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

This excerpt from a book will be used in my argument section about comparing what works in psychotherapy to what is available online. "The shape and texture of the therapeutic experience is determined, far more than by technique or theory, by what Mahoney called 'the three Rs of helping': a role-defined relationship, a rationale or metaphor for the personal change process, and the rituals enacted by the therapist and the client during the course of the relationship."

Caudron, S. (1998, February 2). Shrink-wrap: Looking for some support with personal issues, but don't like the idea of spilling your guts on some therapist's couch? Try the telephone or the internet. Industry Week, 247(3), 76-77.

Perspectives on personal coaching (over the telephone for executives and is focused solely on solving problems) and online psychotherapy (although I don't believe the author looked up the definitions for psychotherapy). "The beauty of obtaining counseling through the Internet is that it can be completely anonymous, which is obviously a boon for high-profile corporate executives." I intend to use this article in much the same way as the Stevens article (see below).

Clare, A. S. (1997). Psychotherapy Online. [On-line]. Available World Wide Web: http://www.psychotherapy-online.com/

This is, by far, the best site that offers therapeutic services of the ones I have seen thus far. She pretty much addresses every issue I intend to discuss in my project, so I have yet to decide where to use this site because I will likely use it in several sections.

Computing Central. (1999). Bandwidth forum. [On-line]. Available World Wide Web: http://computingcentral.msn.com/topics/bandwidth/questions.asp

This is a sort of FAQ about bandwidth (mostly specific to ISDN which I might not even get into) which I intend to use in an argument section discussing how bandwidth is a limitation to psychotherapy at this time. "Having enough bandwidth means not having to wait--or at least not have to wait long to see graphics on a Web page, and being able to make real-time video phone calls over the Internet, among other things." This will be related to the nonverbal portion of my arguments. I might also reference it in the implications about increasing bandwidth as a means to overcome some of the online therapy obstacles.

Holmes, L. G. (1999) You can't do psychotherapy on the net, yet. [On-line]. Available World Wide Web: http://mentalhealth.about.com/health/mentalhealth/mentalhealth/library/weekly/aa010499.htm?COB=home&terms=you+can%27t+do+psychotherapy+on+the+net%2C+yet&PM=113_300_T

This article is my main source that sums up my views quite nicely. This is a discussion about psychotherapy based on three guiding principles of why it should not be done online at this time: "because of unresolved ethical issues, problems related to the current 'bandwidth' of the net, and unresolved regulatory and licensing issues." I will likely reference it in most areas of the project.

Nakazawa, L. (1999). Virtual Therapy. Psychology Today, 32(2), 11.

Discusses how one therapist offers chat room, phone or videoconferencing for psychotherapy and uses e-mail as a supplement. A counter statement by another therapist is that "Without non-verbal cues, it's harder to read clients. I think on-line approaches work better for mild problems or advice." I intend to use this article in an argument section about how the technology CAN be used effectively with the proper tools and procedures and might link the counter statement with an implications or argument about how online therapy seems to be best used for the less-severe problems and how it is more like an advice-giving medium right now than it is psychotherapeutic.

PC Magazine Online. (1997). PictureTel Live200p. [On-line]. Available World Wide Web: http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/vidconf/rev3.htm

A review of the PictureTel software that is used for teleconferencing via the internet. The Holmes article discusses how one group of therapists uses this software to overcome the barriers regarding the lack of nonverbal cues when using the net for therapy. I will discuss this as part of the bandwidth argument because it requires great bandwidth capabilities to run, but will help to make online therapy possible.

Speilberg, A. (1998). On call and online: Sociohistorical, legal, and ethical implications of e-mail for the patient-physician relationship. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(15), 1353-1374.

This very long but in-depth article is about the legal and ethical issues faced by medical doctors using e-mail as a source for delivering medical care and advice. "The e-mail message must be considered part of the medical record, subject to the considerations of privacy and informed consent." It goes into some of the confidentiality problems with using e-mailing technology, which I hope to address in one of my argument sections.

Stevens, L. (1997, August 29). Web sites offer a variety of online counseling. Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service, (4).

Two things I like about this article are that it makes a distinction between online Counseling versus online Psychotherapy and that it discusses populations in which online therapy might be useful: people who move around a lot and don't want to start over with a new therapist each time, people living in small towns where the access to therapists is very limited, etc. I will use the first part in an argument about why -psycho-therapy should not be online yet, and the second part in an implications section about why we should get a move on with getting the proper equipment and policies in place for people who DO need online resources.