Religion/National Origin Discrimination and related Immigration issues

 [Chs. 11, 7]

A) Religion-based Discrimination [Ch. 11]

1) Examples

-Abercrombie and Fitch headscarf case https://www.pbs.org/video/justices-rule-on-headscarf-case-threatening-speech-online-1440374150/

-Domino's Pizza revisited (news article; cf. Bradley)

2) Overview & further examples:

*No absolute prohibition--duty of reasonable accommodation if no undue hardship;

                -TWA v. Hardison (S.Ct. 1977)

                -Balint (9^th Cir. 1999; in class)

                -Opuku-Boateng (9^th Cir. 1996; in class)

        *BFOQ defense [& Title VII Exemption] viable for “religious-based” [?] acts

*Employer cannot question sincerity of "unorthodox" belief; no well-recognized/organized religion required if closely-held belief/observance/practice occupies place of religion in employee's life

        *Religious Harassment

                -Peterson v. HP (9^th Cir. 2004)

 

 

B) National Origin Discrimination/Immigration Issues [Ch. 7]

1) Overview:

*Discrimination prohibited based on country of origin (of self or ancestors), including U.S., or possession of ethnic traits associated with particular place of birth, but not based on citizenship

2) Examples

*May arise in situations involving language/height limitations, etc.

-Garcia v. Spun Steak (9^th Cir. 1993)

        *National Origin Harassment

                -Dr. Malos’ article on 9-11 Backlash [10-12-09]

-Amirmokri (see Malos 1998 Perf. Appraisal book chapter excerpt)

*BFOQ exception construed very narrowly (e.g., language skills)

3) Immigration issues distinguished

        *Dr. Malos’ Original article on H-1B Immigration Status Discrimination [2011]  

        *Dr. Malos’ Updated article on H-1B Immigration Status Discrimination [2015; scroll down to p. 295]        

        *Dr. Malos’ presentation on Updated Immigration Status Issues

        *Immigration Law Update--Don't do a "Walmart"!